Influencia de la postura en la potencia del salto, cambios de dirección y velocidad en el sprint en futbolistas juveniles
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Un control postural adecuado puede mejorar el rendimiento deportivo, las condiciones técnicas en el fútbol y reducir el riesgo de lesiones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la postura en el rendimiento de la potencia, los cambios de dirección y la velocidad en el sprint de futbolistas juveniles en Popayán. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con 54 futbolistas juveniles, a quienes se les evaluó la postura mediante un sistema fotogramétrico 3D, y se les aplicaron pruebas para medir cambios de dirección (COD), salto vertical y velocidad en 10 y 20 metros, utilizando aplicaciones móviles. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el ángulo Q derecho y la altura de salto, la longitud real izquierda y la velocidad media en COD, la oblicuidad pélvica y la prueba de 20 metros (p<0,05), y entre el varo de calcáneo y las pruebas de sprint en 10 y 20 metros. Además, quienes presentaron lesiones previas tardaron en promedio 10 segundos más en el sprint de 10 metros. Se concluye que parámetros posturales como el ángulo Q de rodilla, la pelvis y la alineación del calcáneo están relacionados con pruebas de rendimiento en sprint, COD y salto vertical, sugiriendo la implementación de análisis posturales en futbolistas juveniles.
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