Physical activity and blood pressure in obese children
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the chronic effect of an exercise program in resting blood pressure values of school children aged six to nine years old with overweight and obesity in public schools of the city of OuroPreto, Minas Gerais - Brazil, comparing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of these students before and after an intervention program. Method: This is a randomized clinical study of intervention, quasi-experimental, double-blind, pragmatic, with the study of the individual unit. Seventy-nine children participated in the interventional study and were considered a convenient sample. These subjects were allocated by randomization into two groups: the intervention group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 39) practised physical activity three times a week for 50 minutes and were followed for 4 months. The exercise intensity was determined by open-circuit spirometry. Blood pressure was measured three times consecutively and the average was used. Results: After the intervention, there was no evidence of significant chronic effects of a regular program of exercises on basal levels of blood pressure of obese children between 6 and 9 years old. Conclusion: In this study, there was no evidence of significant effects from a program of regular physical activity on basal levels of blood pressure of obese children between 6 and 9 years old.
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Everton de Freitas, A., Queiroz Veiga Sales, B., Braga, E. J., Barroso Zogheib, N., Lins de Barros, M. V., Henrique de Oliveira, T., Komatsuzaki, F., de Oliveira Pires, F., & Alves Lamounier, J. (2016). Physical activity and blood pressure in obese children. Educación Física Y Ciencia, 18(2), e010. Retrieved from https://efyc.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/EFyCe010
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Farpour-Lambert NJ, Aggoun Y, Marchand LM, Martin XE, Herrmann FR, Beghetti M. Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54(25): 2396-406.
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Nielsen GA, Andersen LB. The association between high blood pressure, physical fitness, and body mass index in adolescents. Prev Med. 2003;36:229–234.
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Poeta LS, Duarte MFS, Giuliano ICB, Mota J. Interdisciplinary intervention in obese children and impact on health and quality of life. J. Pediatr. 2013; 89:499-504.
Raj M. Obesity and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. Indian J Endocr Metab. 2012; 16(1): 13-19.
Ribeiro MM, Silva AG, Santos NS, et al. Diet and exercise training restore blood pressure and vasodilatory responses during physiological maneuvers in obese children. Circulation. 2005;111:1915–23.
Salgado CM, Carvalhaes JT. Hipertensão arterial na infância. J. Pediatr. 2003; 79(1): 115-124.
Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia / Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão /
Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010; 95:1-51.
Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, et al. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2004;113:475–82.
Torrance B, McGuire KA, Lewanczuk R, McGavock J. Overweight, physical activity and high blood pressure in children: a review of the literature. Vasc Health and Risk Management. 2007; 3:139-149;
De Onis M, Blossner M, Borghi E. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 92: 1257-64.
De Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007; 85:660-7.
Dobbins M, Husson H, DeCorby K, LaRocca RL. School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013.
Farpour-Lambert NJ, Aggoun Y, Marchand LM, Martin XE, Herrmann FR, Beghetti M. Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54(25): 2396-406.
Franks PW, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Sievers ML, Bennett PH, Looker HC. Childhood Obesity, Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Premature Death. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(6): 485-93.
Freitas AE. Avaliação do impacto de um programa de atividade física na concentração plasmática de adipocitocinas e grelina em crianças obesas e com sobrepeso, de escolas públicas do município de Ouro Preto, MG. Tese [Doutorado em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente]. Belo Horizonte – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010.
Garcia-Hermoso A, Saavedra JM, Escalante Y. Effects of exercise on resting blood pressure in obese children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2013;14:919-928.
Garrow JS, Webster J. Quetelet's index (W/H2): as a measure of fatness. Int J Obesity. 1985; 9:147-53.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009: antropometria e estado nutricional de crianças, adolescentes e adultos no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, 2010.
Juonala M, Magnussen CG, Berenson GS, Venn A, Burns TL, Sabin MA, et.al. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity and risk factors. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365(20): 1876-85.
Leary SD, Ness AR, Smith GD, Mattocks C, Deere K, Blair SN, Riddoch C. Physical Activity and Blood Pressure in Childhood: Findings From a Population-Based Study. Hypertension. 2008; 51:92-98;
Meyer AA, Kundt G, Lenschow U, Schuff-Werner P, Kienast W. Improvement of Early Vascular Changes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Children After a Six-Month Exercise Program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48:1865–70.
Nielsen GA, Andersen LB. The association between high blood pressure, physical fitness, and body mass index in adolescents. Prev Med. 2003;36:229–234.
Organização Mundial de Saúde. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Geneva: WHO, 2009. Disponível em: www.euro.who.int/ENHIS. Acesso em: 23 set. 2012.
Poeta LS, Duarte MFS, Giuliano ICB, Mota J. Interdisciplinary intervention in obese children and impact on health and quality of life. J. Pediatr. 2013; 89:499-504.
Raj M. Obesity and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. Indian J Endocr Metab. 2012; 16(1): 13-19.
Ribeiro MM, Silva AG, Santos NS, et al. Diet and exercise training restore blood pressure and vasodilatory responses during physiological maneuvers in obese children. Circulation. 2005;111:1915–23.
Salgado CM, Carvalhaes JT. Hipertensão arterial na infância. J. Pediatr. 2003; 79(1): 115-124.
Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia / Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão /
Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010; 95:1-51.
Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, et al. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2004;113:475–82.
Torrance B, McGuire KA, Lewanczuk R, McGavock J. Overweight, physical activity and high blood pressure in children: a review of the literature. Vasc Health and Risk Management. 2007; 3:139-149;