Efectos del entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre la adiposidad corporal y el desempeño motriz en niños y jóvenes: un meta-análisis.

Contenido principal del artículo

Ángel Adrián Casas
Fernando Naclerio
Xurxo Dopico Calvo
Christian García

Resumen

El propósito de este meta-análisis fue determinar la eficacia del efecto de entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre el nivel de adiposidad y el rendimiento motriz en niños y jóvenes que no participan en deporte profesional y de alta competición. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en siete bases de datos electrónicas. Los estudios analizados fueron solo ensayos controlados que evaluaron los efectos del entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre la adiposidad corporal (í­ndice de masa corporal IMC; grasa corporal total GCT y adiposidad abdominal) y el desempeño motriz (salto en longitud sin carrera previa SL y lanzamiento de balón medicinal LMB) de niños y jóvenes. Dos evaluadores revisaron los estudios de forma independiente. Veintidós estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron utilizados en este meta-análisis (n= 697). El tamaño del efecto (TE) fue calculado usando el estadí­stico de Cohen, í­ndice de la familia d. El efecto global estimado para el IMC fue pequeño y el lí­mite del intervalo superior fue >0 (n= 7, d= -0.12, IC  95% -0.35 a 0.10). En el caso de la grasa corporal el TE fue moderado (n= 8, d= -0.37, IC  95% -0.58 a -0.17), al igual que el rendimiento de  saltabilidad (n= 12, d= 0.54, IC 95% 0.36 a 0.72) y lanzamiento (n=4, d= 0.49, IC 95% 0.22 a 0.76). Los resultados de este meta-análisis sugieren que los programas de entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular son eficaces para reducir la adiposidad corporal e incrementar el desempeño motriz en la saltabilidad y el lanzamiento de niños y jóvenes que no participan en deporte profesional y de alta competición.

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Casas, Ángel A., Naclerio, F., Dopico Calvo, X., & García, C. (2018). Efectos del entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre la adiposidad corporal y el desempeño motriz en niños y jóvenes: un meta-análisis. Educación Física Y Ciencia, 20(2), e046. https://doi.org/10.24215/23142561e046
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